tackling human trafficking in myanmar

[6], In other cases, children from Myanmar were tricked during their recruitment, and not paid for the jobs they were promised. Sex trafficking victims in the country are from all ethnic groups in Myanmar and foreigners. Since September … Myanmar Anti-Trafficking in Persons Day falls on 13th September every year when Myanmar Anti-human Trafficking Law was enacted. As illegal immigrants, they are often arrested and deported back to Myanmar. Nevertheless, these shortcomings can be addressed with the advantages that come with the Philippine Chairmanship of ASEAN this year. Children are threatened with jail if they do not agree to join the army, and are sometimes physically abused. Men and thousands of boys as young as 10 years old are forcibly recruited (due often to desertions) to serve in the National Army and ethnic armed groups through intimidation, coercion, threats, and violence. Photo: UN Women/Stuart Mannion, Khawng Tse, a 35-year-old internally displaced person (IDP) from Ayeyar Ward in the city of Myitkyina, Khawng Tse is completing her sewing classes and will receive a sewing machine from Htoi, with the support of UN Women. Jakarta: IOM Philippines recently launched two projects aimed at increasing access to ethical recruitment and reducing the prevalence of human trafficking among Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), through funding from the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery (GFEMS) and the US Department of State's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (J/TIP). Despite a report of a child labor case involving as many as 100 children on an agricultural plantation near Rangoon, the regime did not report any efforts to investigate the allegation. Photo: UN Women/Stuart Mannion, In Hka Shi village, Waingmaw township, a woman enrolled in the catfish farming training says she is thankful she can do it from home, while caring for her baby. No one has been held accountable for the serious crimes committed by government security forces. Myanmar has joined China, Syria and South Sudan as being among the countries doing least to tackle human trafficking, according to the US State Department’s latest annual Trafficking in … Khawng Nu managed to send a message to her family, who shared it with the pastor and informed the village leaders. It involves putting or keeping someone in an exploitative situation, usually for profit. Drug trafficking has long been a problem in the Golden Triangle, the region where Thailand’s Chiang Rai province meets Myanmar and Laos. [2] Furthermore, due to the large number of people living below the national poverty line, many women are forced into illegal prostitution. Many men, women, and children from Thailand, Malaysia, China, Bangladesh, India, and South Korea who migrate abroad for work are trafficked into conditions of forced or bonded labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Corruption and lack of accountability remains pervasive in Myanmar, affecting all aspects of society. According to Htoi, in 8 out of 10 cases, women are trafficked as brides and another 20 per cent are trafficked to birth babies. Additionally, court proceedings are not open and lack due process for defendants. Some trafficking victims transit through Myanmar from Bangladesh to Malaysia and from China to Thailand and beyond. For victims of human trafficking, Doctors Without Borders is often the only access to health care they have. The ethnic minorities from Myanmar working in Thailand were also found to have the lowest education in all minor workers surveyed, at about 1.3 years, and Burmese were found to have only a slightly higher education level, on average roughly four years. Yangon [Myanmar], January 5 (ANI/Xinhua): Myanmar logged a total of 111 human trafficking cases in its states and regions last year, state-run media reported Tuesday, quoting the Anti-Trafficking Police Force's figures as saying. “As a Kachin woman, I was driven to advocate for the equal rights of women in Kachin,” explains Htoi Director Nang Pu. Human Wrongs Watch In 2005, Myanmar passed an anti-trafficking law, but trafficking is still rampant in the conflict-affected state, especially in the northern region, where it borders China. “They told me: ‘it’s a good job, you don’t have to do anything’. Tackling Southeast Asia’s Migrant Crisis. Upon arrival in China, she discovered that her womb would be the ‘factory’. Htoi also organizes peer mentoring groups for survivors to connect and support one another. Photo: UN Women/Stuart Mannion, Burmese trafficking survivor Mun Pan was told that she would work as a butcher or in a phone factory in China. [8], Conversations between the US and Myanmar have been more frequent in recent years. He said the government had signed agreements with Thailand and China on combating human trafficking and was also cooperating with other countries in Southeast Asia, as well as UN agencies and NGOs. Exploiters traffic girls for the purpose of prostitution, particularly in urban areas. In some areas, in particular international sex trafficking of women and girls, the Government of Myanmar is making significant efforts. The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law was established in Myanmar in 2005 and Myanmar was the first country in the Mekong region to pass a comprehensive anti-human trafficking law in line with international standards. Myanmar signed a 2004 anti-trafficking agreement and passed a law in 2005, but procedures are unclear, anti-trafficking police have little budget, and the existing law “is still weak and not fully implemented,” says Ms. Li Htwi. Khawng Nu now owns a sewing machine and is looking for more start-up capital to set up a tailoring shop. Myanmar courts later released 13 of the individuals, but four complainants remain in prison. During the whole … The direct government and military use of forced or compulsory labor remains a widespread and serious problem, particularly targeting members of ethnic minority groups, such as the Shan people. These migrants often lack basic education and access to social security benefits. In the same case, an additional two privates were sentenced to three months' and one-month military imprisonment, respectively. Women of Myanmar who migrate to Thailand, China, and Malaysia for economic opportunities are found in situations of forced labor and forced prostitution. [2] Military and civilian officials subject men, women, and children to forced labor. The central government did not intervene with local authorities to stop the politically motivated harassment, including lengthy interrogations, of the forced labor complainants. Since independence from Britain in 1948, Myanmar's political situation has been unstable and involved in civil conflicts, which has led to an increase in the recruitment of child soldiers. Additionally, some child recruits have been prosecuted and sentenced for deserting the military and remain in prison. To further spread the messages locally, 35 community mobilizers were identified among those taking the training and given additional training, posters and leaflets to distribute locally. Global New Light of Myanmar. In less than a year, the programme has already trained 125 trafficking survivors, women in at-risk communities and in Internally Displaced Peoples camps and villages, imparting financial management and marketing skills, linking beneficiaries to training centres and markets, and providing business start-up grants once training is complete. Chinese men come here and give money to parents for a forced marriage. “They give pills to women and inject them with sperm for them to carry babies for Chinese men,” explains Khawng Nu, adding that women would supposedly receive 1 million MMK (USD 632) once the baby was born. The United Nations states that its negotiations with Myanmar to allow Doctors Without Borders into the Rakhine state are of special importance, as citizens lack the ability to report human rights abuses for fear of becoming victims of the human trafficking or violence themselves. The recruitment of children into the army is a criminal offense under Penal Code Section 374, which could result in imprisonment for up to one year, or a fine, or both. The minors from Myanmar that work in Thailand usually left for economic reasons. The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday has given approval for the MoU between India and Myanmar on bilateral cooperation for Prevention of Trafficking in Persons; Rescue, Recovery, Repatriation and Re … During the reporting period, the government signed Memoranda of Understanding with China and Thailand on trafficking in persons. Myanmar is facing both cross-border and domestic human trafficking, but cross-border trafficking is four times larger than within the country, as the business of selling people abroad brings in more money. The regime cooperated with the ILO on the issue of the military's conscription of children, resulting in the return of 31 children to their families. This is monumental for ASEAN as the ACTIP is the first legally-binding regional instrument to tackle human trafficking. The Myanmar regime reported investigating 155 cases of trafficking, prosecuting 410 individuals, and convicting 88 offenders in 2009, an increase from 342 reported prosecutions in 2008; however, these statistics included 12 cases of abduction for adoption, which are not considered “trafficking” by international standards. The government has yet to address the systemic political and economic problems that cause the people of Myanmar to seek employment through both legal and illegal means in neighboring countries. The individual country in the sub-region has been tackling human trafficking but is necessary to fulfill closer cooperation and effective support. Myanmar's internal trafficking remains the most serious concern. Photo: UN Women/Stuart Mannion, In Zee Lum Ward, Myitkyina, 27-year-old Ja Doi Lahpai—who was exploited in a mobile phone factory in China—has since learned how to weave, start a business and handle marketing and financial management. In December 2009, the military of Myanmar reported that it dismissed a captain from the military via court martial and sentenced him to one year of imprisonment in a civilian jail for child soldier recruitment – the first ever criminal conviction of a military official involved in child soldier recruitment. [2] In 2009, the ILO continued to receive and investigate forced labor complaints; 93 cases were submitted to the Myanmar government for action, an increase from 64 cases in 2008; 54 cases remain open and are awaiting a response from the government. Myanmar prohibits sex and labor trafficking through its 2005 Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law, which prescribes criminal penalties that are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for rape. The lack of income-earning opportunities for survivors often puts them at risk of being re-trafficking or other forms of exploitation. She’s heard of women being resold to other families after giving birth, and of a baby girl being killed after delivery because the family wanted a son. About 50 to 70 percent of the prostitutes are HIV positive. The programme ran between 2017 and 2019, with funding from the UK Department for International ... transparency and the use of child workers in the cocoa and textile industries in Myanmar, Ghana, the Dominican Republic and Bangladesh. However, in contrast to 2017, more traffickers have had been prosecuted and convicted and more victims identified. Girls should know about this; they need to protect themselves,” said a police officer on the taskforce. Human trafficking victims in Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar mostly end up in forced marriages. [2] Nevertheless, limited capacity and training of the police coupled with a lack of transparency in the justice system make it uncertain whether all trafficking statistics provided by authorities were indeed for trafficking cases. Exploitation can involve situations including forced or debt-bonded labour, child labour, sexual … [2], The Government of Myanmar reported some progress in law enforcement efforts against cross-border sex trafficking during the reporting period. NEW DELHI: In an effort to stop human trafficking, India has decided to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Myanmar very soon. In forced labor cases, some victims, notably 17 individuals in Magwe Division, were harassed, detained, or otherwise penalized for making accusations against officials who pressed them into forced labor. Tackling Human Trafficking in the Mekong Subregion JICA participates in annual anti-human trafficking event at Hua Lamphong Railway Station in Bangkok. She says in 8 out of 10 cases, women are trafficked as brides and another 20 per cent are trafficked to birth babies. Eventually, both girls’ families were able to pay a ransom of sorts for their return. This year, the events were organized as the fifth year nationwide in different cities and townships by the Government. Many minors from Myanmar work in Thai border towns, particularly the town of Mae Sai. The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), Myanmar's military government, has not acknowledged the prevalence of human rights issues within their country, specifically human trafficking. In this blog, Gita Sabharwal, UN Resident Coordinator in Thailand, and Jeremy Douglas, who represents the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, explain how the United Nations and the Thai government … The broker from her village was arrested but didn’t disclose her location. The paper aims to UN Women’s local implementing partner, Htoi Gender and Development Foundation, assisted with the rescue and is providing legal support for their court cases. [2], While forced labor is widely considered to be the most serious trafficking problem in Myanmar, authorities reported that most trafficking cases investigated and prosecuted involved women and girls subjected to forced marriage or intended to be subjected to forced marriage. In 2005, Myanmar passed an anti-trafficking law, but trafficking is still rampant in the conflict-affected state, especially in the northern region, where it borders China. Between 20,000 and 30,000 women and girls from Myanmar are estimated to be working in the prostitution industry in Thailand. Children of Myanmar are subjected to forced labor as sellers and beggars in Thailand. Children are subjected to forced labor in tea shops, home industries, and agricultural plantations. [2] It is believed that the children from Myanmar make up the largest sector of foreign working children. 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During the reporting period, 17 complainants and their associates in a series of forced labor cases involving 328 farmers in Magwe Division were prosecuted and jailed by local authorities for their role in reporting forced labor perpetrated by local government officials. She hopes to set up her own tailoring business. The Myanmar regime rules arbitrarily through its unilaterally imposed laws, but rule of law is absent, as is an independent judiciary that would respect trafficking victims’ rights. Economic conditions within Myanmar have led to the increased legal and illegal migration of citizens regionally and internationally, often to destinations as far from Myanmar as the Middle East. Like other Mekong countries, human trafficking in Myanmar is seriously rising in scope and numbers. In order to tackle increasing transnational crimes, it is very important to tackle the root of the problems. June 11, 2015. 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Human trafficking takes on various forms within Myanmar, including forced labor, the use of child soldiers for the Myanmar government, and sex trafficking and prostitution. The government reported identifying 302 victims, most of whom were victims of forced marriage rather than explicitly trafficking victims, and reported assisting an additional 425 victims identified and repatriated by foreign governments in 2009, including 293 from China and 132 from Thailand. Tackling transnational crime is everybody’s concern. The U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Luis CdeBaca, and Myanmar Police Chief Major General Zaw Win concurred in the need for government-civil society partnerships, health care, and prevention. [7], A lack of job opportunities in Myanmar has contributed to the rise of human trafficking operations; the trade is now no longer targeting just rural areas, but is reaching the country's major cities. There were no shelter facilities available to male victims of trafficking. The regime sustained partnerships with Mekong region governments and the UN in the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative Against Trafficking (COMMIT), and hosted the COMMIT Senior Officials Meeting in January 2010. 84. Thet Naung said he was disappointed by Myanmar’s ranking in the TIP report and maintained his unit was trying to tackle trafficking more effectively. Tackling human trafficking in Myanmar. The government of Myanmar reported forming three new anti-trafficking units in 2009, and reported a 40 percent overall increase in spending on prevention efforts. Also, as measures against the recruitment and use of child soldiers, more resources have been allocated for awareness raising efforts. A UN Women programme is supporting local partner, Htoi Gender and Development Foundation, in providing legal support and vocational training to survivors. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were sometimes allowed access to victims in government shelters, but the regime continued to bar NGOs from operating shelters for trafficking victims. The regime did not permit UNICEF access to children who were released through the government's mechanisms for follow-up purposes. Five of them were rescued, including Mun Pan. Khawng Nu* was 22 years old when she was trafficked from the state of Kachin, northern Myanmar, to China. Moreover, the number of women who fall victim to human trafficking is four times larger than that of male victims. These crimes include forced labor, child soldiers, and personal, including sexual violence.[5]. The government has done little to help international organizations assess the scope of the problem. Drivers who smuggle illegal workers into Thailand go to villages to recruit minors, and then transport them to the border. Children of Myanmar are subjected to forced labor as sellers and beggars in Thailand. 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