Livelihood strategies and outcomes are not just dependent on access to capital assets or constrained by the vulnerability context; they are also transformed by the environment of structures and processes. Any dispute related to the use of the works of the Asian Development Bank that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The sustainable livelihoods approach is a way of thinking about the objectives, scope, and priorities for development activities. Livelihoods are self-directing. Appreciative inquiry is a highly inclusive process that maximizes the positive (as opposed to minimizing the negative) in which a community takes responsibility for generating and gathering information and then forms strategies based on the most positive experiences of the past. It must also be made appropriate to local circumstances and local priorities. The SL approach has had a considerable influence upon the policies and strategies of a number of development agencies, notably the UK's Department for International Development (DFID), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and many non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Financial capital tends to be the least available livelihood asset of the poor. Poverty-focused development activity should be: SL approaches must be underpinned by a commitment to poverty eradication. organisational and institutional factors that influence sustainable livelihood outcomes. Part of Springer Nature. It compels them to look for multiple entry points and to move beyond a homogenous “community” view and a narrow sectoral perspective. As such, vulnerability analysis (VA) may help to bring humanitarian work in line with DFID’s other main objectives and tie it in with the sustainable livelihoods approach. Its existence underlines the need to give choice and opportunities to the poor and build their ability to take advantage of these, and extend safety nets for those who still cannot achieve their livelihood objectives in a competitive environment. It organizes the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities, and shows how they relate. For example, they can be very helpful in looking at the vulnerability of the poor to climate change and high food prices, at their resilience and ability to adapt, and at ways in which policies can help reduce vulnerability. However, it makes the connection between people and the overall enabling environment that influences the outcomes of livelihood strategies. pp 21-26 | A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base.'. Some further resources: Reading. They enable people to transform one type of asset into another through markets. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) and the Basic Needs Approach (BNA) make up the theoretical framework that is going to underpin this study. 7.2.1 The Basic Needs Approach Essay on Sustainable Livelihood Framework/Approach. The aim of the book is to widen the debate around DFID's commitment to sustainable rural livelihoods. The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities and shows how they relate to one another. Jobs invariably do. Of the various components of a livelihood, the most complex is the portfolio It organizes the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities, and shows how they relate. In particular, the sustainable livelihoods approach stresses the importance of understanding institutions by mapping the institutional framework and linking the micro to the macro and the formal to the informal Therefore, it calls for a new style of policy appraisal that moves from universal prescriptions to context-specific approaches that allow alternative, local perspectives to reveal themselves in the policy framework. SL approaches and frameworks attempting to operationalise these principles received considerable attention from donors (principally DFID) in the last decade of the 20th century, and their explicit use in guiding rural development has since declined. The concept of Sustainable Livelihood (SL) is an attempt to go beyond the conventional definitions and approaches to poverty eradication. The livelihood assets, which the poor must often make trade-offs and choices about, comprise: Vulnerability is characterized as insecurity in the well-being of individuals, households, and communities in the face of changes in their external environment. It represents an important shift away from the focus on project inputs and outputs and the assumed mechanical links between them. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach The sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) is a way of thinking about the objectives, scope, and priorities for development activities. The sustainable livelihoods framework. Not affiliated A portfolio will be diversified over time, and between households, communities and generations; hence the composition of livelihood strategies is a dynamic element of sustainable livelihoods, and as such requires a historical analytical approach. This paper addresses the question of whether sustainable livelihood approaches have value at the level of overall policy on poverty reduction, and specifically addresses to what extent the approach might be used in support of poverty reduction strategy papers. The sustainable livelihoods approach improves understanding of the livelihoods of the poor. The Sustainable Livelihoods approach is noted [2] as aiming “to promote development that is sustainable not just ecologically, but also institutionally, socially and economically and to produce genuinely positive livelihood outcomes”. They provide a way of conceptualising key influences on the livelihoods of poor people, including their vulnerability, their access to assets, and the various factors that influence what they can achieve with these assets. This framework addresses the impacts of environmental hazards and shocks. The use of the Asian Development Bank’s name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of the Asian Development Bank’s logo, shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the Asian Development Bank and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. The sustainable livelihoods approach facilitates the identification of practical priorities for actions that are based on the views and interests of those concerned but they are not a panacea. Structures are the public and private sector organizations that set and implement policy and legislation; deliver services; and purchase, trade, and perform all manner of other functions that affect livelihoods. They provide incentives that stimulate people to make better choices. Processes are important to every aspect of livelihoods. Analysis and intervention in the SL approach is holistic and cuts across individual sectors, reflecting diversity in the livelihoods of poor people. You might, therefore, find it helpful to ‘test’ the livelihoods framework by trying to assess your own personal situation. Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) offers a practical framework for conceptualising livelihoods and their sustainability (Morse and McNamara 2013). They grant or deny access to assets. It is an important step in opening up the dialogue on the “livelihood approach” and how DFID personnel and others can work to promote this in their day-to-day operations. 4.2.1 lists a set of guiding principles adopted by DFID in its support for sustainable livelihoods. This is the approach taken in this paper. Human capital , e.g., health, nutrition, education, knowledge and skills, capacity to work, capacity to adapt, Social capital, e.g., networks and connections (patronage, neighborhoods, kinship), relations of trust and mutual understanding and support, formal and informal groups, shared values and behaviors, common rules and sanctions, collective representation, mechanisms for participation in decision-making, leadership, Natural capital, e.g., land and produce, water and aquatic resources, trees and forest products, wildlife, wild foods and fibers, biodiversity, environmental services, Physical capital , e.g., infrastructure (transport, roads, vehicles, secure shelter and buildings, water supply and sanitation, energy, communications), tools and technology (tools and equipment for production, seed, fertilizer, pesticides, traditional technology), Financial capital,1 e.g., savings, credit and debt (formal, informal), remittances, pensions, wages, shocks, e.g., conflict, illnesses, floods, storms, droughts, pests, diseases, seasonalities, e.g., prices and employment opportunities, critical trends, e.g., demographic, environmental, economic, governance, and technological trends. 'A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. The sustainable livelihoods approach is no more than an attempt to provide a tool which is ‘useful to think with’. Sustainable and adaptive livelihood is an approach and effort to go beyond conventional practices. People move in and out of poverty and the concept of vulnerability captures the processes of change better than poverty line measurements. (One of the many problems of development is that projects and programs, while favoring some, can disadvantage others.2) Potential livelihood outcomes can include more income, increased well-being, reduced vulnerability, improved food security, more sustainable use of the natural resource base, and recovered human dignity, between which there may again also be conflict. It does not replace other tools, such as participatory development, sector-wide approaches, or integrated rural development. Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), in addition to defining the research questions and objectives. in the sustainable livelihoods (SL) approach, and in development work which aims to reduce the elements of vulnerability that are a result of poverty. It is based on evolving thinking about the way the poor and vulnerable live their lives and the importance of policies and institutions. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach was considered to be the most promising of the various options. It helps formulate development This framework provides guiding action to address and overcome poverty to become self-reliant, placing the … The sustainable livelihoods approach facilitates the identification of practical priorities for actions that are based on the views and interests of those concerned but they are not a panacea. Fig. This approach is influenced by many of the themes that we have already looked at in this unit, including those of integrated rural development, basic needs, participation and sustainable development. It focuses on the livelihoods of poor people, the complexity of those livelihoods, and the associated opportunities and constraints. .... . It is deemed sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities, assets, and activities both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. SL approaches to development offer frameworks for analysing livelihoods and identifying entry points for development interventions by donors and governments. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. It does not replace other tools, such as participatory development, sector … One of the main problems the poor and vulnerable face is that the processes which frame their livelihoods may systematically restrict them unless the government adopts pro-poor policies that, in turn, filter down to legislation and even less formal processes. Cite as. A central notion is that different households have different access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. Note that the link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the license. It can help plan development activities and assess the contribution that existing activities have made to sustaining livelihoods. Livelihood strategies aim to achieve livelihood outcomes. December, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo/, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_5. Box: The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework—Strengths and Weaknesses, Seeks to understand changing combinations of modes of livelihood in a dynamic and historical context, Underplays elements of the vulnerability context, such as macroeconomic trends and conflict, Explicitly advocates a creative tension between different levels of analysis and emphasizes the importance of macro- and microlinkages, Assumes that capital assets can be expanded in generalized and incremental fashion, Acknowledges the need to move beyond narrow sectoral perspectives and emphasizes seeing the linkages between sectors, Does not pay enough attention to inequalities of power, Calls for investigation of the relationships between different activities that constitute livelihoods and draws attention to social relations, Underplays the fact that enhancing the livelihoods of one group can undermine those of another. 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